The Tabla developed as a hybridized drum, influenced by in particular, mridangam & the puskara. The name ‘Tabla’ probably derived from the Arabic word for a drum (generic) called the ‘tabl’ & possibly to some extent the Turkish word ‘dawal’. The earliest depictions & literature describing the Tabla as we recognize it today come from the 18th century. Details available from this point on enable us to chart the development to modern day. Over the last two centuries the Tabla began to take the forefront of percussion instruments in north Indian classical music. We can trace the family lineage of the gharanas from the 18th century onwards. Over this time, the turn slowly changed. During this time, the instrument slowly changed. During this time the instrument slowly became the primary drum for both classical & popular music of north India.
The north Indian system of music is based on two major concepts; ‘raag’ & ‘taal’. Raag may briefly be considered the melodic or modal aspect of the music while taal is rhythmic. Both raag & Taal occupy an equal & inseparable position in this system.
Tabla has a position in both raag & taal. When numerous Tablas are tuned to the notes of the scale, entire melodies may be played. This is called “Tabla Tarang”. However, the most important use of Tabla is to provide the taal. It is in this capacity that most people think of this instrument.